Organic crosstalk or intercommunication among different organs is an interesting medical concept based on the biosemiotic perspective which considers the organism as a process maintained by the vital information flow between structural plane and biosemiotic plane, both with their different layers of biological complexity. From this point of view the organ is not merely the structure which produces crosstalk but just as much its product. The crosstalk perspective seeks two main goals: to investigate the characteristic serum biosemiotic patterns of pathogenic (...) organic crosstalk in order to achieve early diseases diagnosis, and to learn how to correct it. These achievements could allow physicians to evolve from a medical practice that focuses on misbiosemiotic effects, diagnosing and treating damaged organs, to a medical practice that focuses on misbiosemiotic processes, in this way diagnosing and treating pathogenic organ crosstalk before it culminates in organ damage. (shrink)

La concepción de la vida como un juego divino –lilah- es una noción relevanteque atraviesa el mundo de la literatura india antigua. El símbolo de los dados se instalacomo un arquetipo de connotaciones cosmológicas, rituales, destínales y, naturalmente,lúdicas. En este trabajo comentaremos dos narrativas del ciclo épico del Mahâbhârata: losavatares de los reyes Nala y Yudhishthira. Ambos relatos muestran una estructura especulary comparativa cuya función es constituirse en un nuevo ejemplo sapiencial tanto en formacomo en contenido.

Museum visitors partake in the effect of what we can call the domestication of the view. They witness the constant changes in how objects are allowed to exist in a museological space. In this way, visitors are challenged to cultivate new sensibilities that simultaneously reveal and conceal things and their relationships. These meanings have been subject to political debates, controversies, disputes, and conflicts around property rights involving museum representatives and other actors. As a result, the domesticated things inside the museums (...) threaten to displace themselves, moving towards the uncertainty of other shelters and other hands. Each time other flows and movements towards other ‘homes’ are asserted by different sort of groups and communities to reclaim or ‘bring home’ objects previously obtained through a mixture of pillaging, acquisitions, donations, and violent actions, distinct voices ask the same question: whose home? By exploring a case concerning the restitution of objects outside and inside museums, this article explores an alternative understanding of the notion of the house as a legitimate relationship between materiality and those worlds in which objects dwell. In the first sections, to explore the idea of heterotopy coined by Michel Foucault from an anthropological perspective, I return to some interpretations of notions such as ‘home’ and ‘house’ drawing on classical ethnographies. Secondly, I focus on what Ghassan Hage calls a ‘diasporic lenticularity’ to explore other “modes of existing” in multiple places and realities. Finally, I conclude by revolving distinct cases concerning museum practices and reallocation processes, transforming and (re)creating new spaces to locate and house unstable objects and presences. (shrink)

This study focuses on latent inhibition, a mechanism behind selective attention, as the biological basis of creativity in schoolchildren. The main objective of this study is to know if low levels of attention positively affect the levels of creativity manifested in students between the ages of nine and 12. The design of this study is non-experimental with an explanatory-correlational cross-sectional quantitative approach. In order to achieve the objective suggested, several education centers located in Murcia were selected, in which 476 students (...) took part in a creativity test, an attention test, and another test about intelligence depending on the educational level. The results obtained showed that selective attention was negatively correlated with graphic creativity, understanding that behind it lies the latent inhibition, and that when certain levels of intelligence are present, this negative correlation increases. In this way, the simultaneous existence of creative and inattentive subjects is demonstrated. (shrink)

We are in a time of rapid change on multiple levels. Change can be seen as positive by one group and negative by another. As a result, different perspectives on any given change can draw completely different conclusions. In these proceedings we want to address different approaches to change from all kinds of perspectives within the realm of citizen science and participatory research. We discuss both active, transformative change, and the observation of change monitored by citizen science in all kinds (...) of disciplines. We highlight the potential of citizen science to be a change maker in research and society, and as a tool to manage the change happening around us. The proceedings "Change - The transformative power of citizen science" showcase a selection of topics that have been presented and discussed at the ECSA/ACSC 2024 double conference in Vienna and highlight the transformative power, citizen science can have. (shrink)

The role of demographic terminology in the fields of medicine and public health is critical in the identification and allocation of resources to the communities that most benefit from intervention...

Razón, poesía, historia.--La cuestión del estoicismo español.--El querer.

Good actors appear to become their characters, making them come alive, as if they were real. Is this because they have succeeded in merging themselves with their character? Are there any positive or negative psychological effects of this experience? We examined the role of three characteristics that may make this kind of merging possible: dissociation, flow, and empathy. We also examined the relation of these characteristics to acting quality. Acting students and non-acting students completed a dissociation measure, and then performed (...) a monologue that was recorded and rated on the dimensions of acting. Participants were then reassessed on dissociation to determine whether it increased as a function of performance. They were also then assessed on flow and empathy. Actors did not differ from non-actors on dissociation, but did score significantly higher than non-actors on some flow and empathy subscales, indicating a positive psychological experience and outcome. While non-actors’ dissociation marginally increased post-performance, actors’ dissociation rose significantly, which could indicate a negative psychological experience. Surprisingly, acting ratings were unrelated to the levels of dissociation, flow, or empathy. We concluded that, while these are tools used by actors to immerse themselves fully in their characters, they may not be necessary to create the illusion of an imaginary character come to life on stage. (shrink)

El aprendizaje de la Historia en Educación Secundaria se relaciona con un proceso memorístico y conceptual que dificulta la formación del pensamiento crítico y reflexivo en el alumnado de esta etapa educativa. Por este motivo, con esta experiencia y desde un enfoque investigativo, hemos fomentado la curiosidad y el interés de los alumnos de 1º de Secundaria por las prácticas religiosas y funerarias que profesaron los romanos. El método de enseñanza-aprendizaje fue activo y participativo, lo que facilitó la indagación y (...) la experimentación del taller “Funus romanorum”. Los resultados mostraron las ventajas de trabajar la arqueología experimental para comprender mejor los hechos acaecidos en la Antigüedad y adquirir contenidos históricos a través de talleres experienciales. (shrink)

The vehicle suspension system is represented by a complex group of components which connect the wheels to the frame or body. Its primary function is to reduce or absorb various vehicle vibrations generated by road disturbances, providing comfort and safety for passengers. Most modern vehicles have independent, active, or semiactive front and rear suspensions which allow the use of electronic actuation. For this reason, automotive engineers conduct research on the active suspension model to determine the most suitable control algorithm. Three (...) active suspension models are intensely used within simulations: the quarter-car, the half-car, and the full-car models. This paper proposes an adaptive harmonic control for a half-car active suspension system. The mathematical model of the suspension system is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The control approach is tested via simulation, and several comparisons with the classical proportional-integral controller are provided. The simulation results show that the controller behaves quite similarly on the half-car model as it did on a quarter-car model. Additionally, an improvement to the harmonic control algorithm has been accomplished. (shrink)

Many philosophical counselors seem to be counselors who use or point to phil­osophical texts or use abstract indeed logical or rational methods when working with a client. I want to introduce the idea of a counseling philosopher, who uses the client’s own concrete experiences as the basis for philosophizing with the client about the nature of the client’s dilemma - using ‘the between’ (Buber) as that special creative space where one em­ploys the art of philosophizing to the unique situation. Otherwise, (...) the particularity of that client gets subsumed under theory or methods, much like what has happened in psychology and which gave rise to Achenbach’s criticisms of psychology/psychiatry. The dialogical of which Buber and Friedman speak is the give and take between client and counseling philosopher of understanding and expanding perceptions confirmed through the actual relationship. Philosophy as an art (and not a method) helps us restore the trust Buber talks about which allows us to engage the world directly and not through categories of thought grounded in psychological or philosophical texts and theories. (shrink)

Recent literature have underlined the connections between children’s reading skills and capacity to create and use mental representations or mental images; furthermore data highlighted the involvement of visuospatial abilities both during math learning and during subsequent developmental phases in performing math tasks. The present research adopted a longitudinal design to assess whether the processes of mental imagery in preschoolers (ages 4–5 years) are predictive of mathematics skills, writing and reading, in the early years of primary school (ages 6–7 years). The (...) research lasted for two school years; in the first phase, the general group of participants consisted of 100 children, and although all participants agreed to be part of the research, in the second phase, there was a mortality rate of 30%. In order to measure school learning and mental imagery processes four batteries of tests were used. The mental imagery battery evaluated mental generation, inspection and transformation processes. Data underlined that the different aspects in which mental imagery processes are articulated are differently implied in some skills that constitute school learning. These findings emphasise the potential usefulness of a screening for mental imagery ability for schoolchildren to adopt effective measures to increase their mental imagery abilities. (shrink)

The progressive multistage stabilization of memory (consolidation) relies on post-acquisition neural reorganization. We hypothesize that two processes subserve procedural memory consolidation and are reflected in delayed post-acquisition performance gains: (1) synaptic consolidation, which is classical Hebbian, and (2) in some tasks, concurrently or consequently, “system consolidation,” which might in some skills be sleep-dependent. Behavioral interference may affect either type of consolidation.

The comprehension problem in Broca's patients does not stem from an inability to represent argument traces. There can be good comprehension in the presence of (object) traces and impaired comprehension can result in constructions where there are no (object) argument traces. This leads to an alternative understanding of Broca's comprehension, one that places the locus of the impairment in an inability to construct syntactic representation on time.

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo discutir especificamente o tempo como duração interior em Henri Bergson, tese fundamental de sua obra Ensaio sobre os dados imediatos da consciência, tendo como horizonte a noção de tempo psicológico, a qual difere totalmente do tempo externo, ou seja, do tempo espacializado. Exploraremos também a literatura de Marcel Proust, com sua obra Em busca do tempo perdido. Proust também pensa o tempo, em seu romance, a partir da realidade interior do personagem principal. No entanto, este (...) trabalho não será para mostrar uma relação entre os dois autores, mas sim para evidenciar alguns temas que perpassam suas obras, por mais que divirjam em alguns pontos. Além da realidade interior, a questão da memória é um elemento importante tanto para o filósofo quanto para o romancista. Discutiremos a maneira pela qual a concepção bergsoniana da memória foi desenvolvida na obra Matéria e memória, bem como a memória proustiana foi contemplada no mencionado romance. Deste modo, a literatura do escritor francês surge como uma maneira de expressar o verdadeiro sentido do tempo vivido. O filósofo francês já fazia referências a um suposto romancista que tiraria o véu e nos colocaria diante da realidade de nossa vida interior, dos nossos sentimentos, da duração interior. É neste sentido que Bergson se aproxima da arte para expressar o conteúdo do eu profundo. (shrink)

En este trabajo critico la interpretación moralizada de la obligación política en Hobbes que defiende Luciano Venezia. Exploro una lectura diferente que evita una dicotomía tajante entre las razones prudenciales y las razones morales y subraya en cambio la discontinuidad entre la normatividad subjetiva de la ley natural y la normatividad objetiva de la ley positiva. Sostengo que el contrato de sujeción política establece obligaciones objetivas recién cuando el soberano exige el cumplimiento de los contratos. La obligación política es entonces (...) una forma de obligación jurídica. Además, enfatizo que la comunidad moral de Hobbes solo es posible dentro del Estado. In this paper, I criticize Luciano Venezia's moralized interpretation of the Hobbesian concept of political obligation. I explore a different reading that avoids a clear-cut dichotomy between prudential and moral reasons and underscores instead the discontinuity between natural law's subjective normativity and civil law's objective normativity. I contend that the pact of political subjection establishes objective obligations only when the sovereign requires the fulfillment of contracts. Political obligation is then a form of legal obligation. In addition, I emphasize that Hobbes's moral community is only possible within the State. (shrink)

Los niveles de evidencia en salud surgieron, en el siglo XX, en el ámbito de la medicina basada en la evidencia, que buscó y busca integrar la mejor evidencia científica disponible con la experiencia clínica de los profesionales de la salud y la experiencia de los pacientes como método para guiar las decisiones clínicas y mejorar los resultados de salud. Sin embargo, las críticas asociadas al uso de niveles de evidencia en salud se centran en simplificar el enfoque, priorizar métodos (...) cuantitativos, desconocer el contexto social y cultural de la atención, la insuficiencia de su uso para enfermedades y condiciones complejas como la salud mental, las enfermedades raras y los cuidados paliativos. Tales críticas y reflexiones dilucidan los desafíos y demandas asociadas a la implementación de niveles de evidencia en salud, que serán objeto de análisis en este estudio teórico. Con base en lo anterior, las conclusiones del presente estudio se centran en proponer posibilidades de implementación de niveles de evidencia desde la perspectiva del siglo XXI, lo que vislumbra una revisión de los niveles de evidencia actuales así como el desarrollo de un nuevo modelo de revisión sistemática denominado, por ahora, una revisión sistemática mixta, viva y contextualizada. (shrink)

Resumen: Este artículo se propone analizar las razones por las que las prostitutas, a causa de su opción sexual, han sido criminalizadas por imposición de distintos órdenes normativos, fuertemente coercitivos, que censuran gravemente su desviación. Ellos –y sus potentes discursos-se muestran capaces de explicar ese continuum ininterrumpido e inacabable de estigma, persecución, inferiorización, aislamiento social o encarcelamiento que acompaña a la historia de la prostitución de las mujeres y que la mantiene todavía hoy en las profundidades de la jerarquía sexual (...) de la sociedad. Abstract: This article aims to analyze the reasons why prostitutes because of their sexual option have been criminalized by imposing highly coercive normative orders that censure severely their deviation. These normative orders -and their powerful discourses- explain the continuous and endless continuum of stigma, persecution, inferiority, social isolation or imprisonment that accompains the history of prostitution of women and that remain still today in the depths of the sexual hierarchy of society. (shrink)

Numerosas expresiones lingüísticas son producidas por los profesionales de las áreas de la Educación y Psicología para designar al sujeto con discapacidad. Nuestra mirada se centró en los discursos que se balizan en un lenguaje analítico y heurístico perteneciente al universo de la normalidad de la razón analítica. En contra de esta propuesta dialogamos con Wittgenstein sobre producción de sentido y de Vygotsky sobre mediación semiótica. Palabras claves: producción de sentido; mediación semiótica, discapacidad, inclusión.

Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie najciekawszego dokumentu szlacheckiego przechowywanego w zasobie Archiwum Państwowego w Opolu. Jest to zadanie trudne ze względu na mnogość oraz różnorodną tematykę rękopisów wystawianych przez członków śląskich rodów szlacheckich. Właściciele majątków swoimi pismami regulowali wiele kwestii dotyczących codziennego funkcjonowania poddanych, tj. określali wysokość podatków, nadzorowali sprzedaż ziemi, rozstrzygali spory, potwierdzali testamenty, a nawet poświadczali prawe urodzenie. Dbali również, by zarządzane przez nich ziemie posiadały stosowne przywileje oraz statuty. Oprócz sfery materialnej otaczali troską kwestie związane z (...) wyznawaną religią. Było to szczególnie widoczne w okresie rozwoju ruchu kontrreformacyjnego. Dlatego też w poniższym tekście przedstawiony zostanie dokument Georga III von Oppersdorffa, który bardzo aktywnie działał na polu rekatolizacji ziem śląskich. Prezentowany rękopis jest jedną z kilkunastu jednostek archiwalnych, na podstawie których można zobrazować sytuację ewangelików na terenie Śląska w XVII wieku. Dotychczas nie doczekał się on opracowania, podobnie jak pozostałe wskazane w tekście archiwalia. Analizując dostępną literaturę dotyczącą zarówno historii kontrreformacji na Śląsku, jak i samego miasta Głogówka, zaobserwować można niewielką liczbę wydanych publikacji oraz artykułów. Dlatego też prezentowany materiał stanowić ma zarówno przegląd dokumentów poświęconych losom protestantów na Śląsku, jak i zachętę do dalszego eksplorowania zasobu Archiwum Państwowego w Opolu przez badaczy historii regionu i dziejów rodów śląskich. (shrink)

The reflection proposed in this article aims to briefly consider philosophy and literature on the saga of Genoveva Pia in the early morning cadence of the drums of São Luís (1975), a novel by the great poet from Maranhão, Josué Montello (1917-2006), in which a narrative is made between fiction and the reality of the Brazilian colonial slave period on the historical soil of São Luís, Ma. To this end, the text is divided into two parts: firstly, it looks at (...) the dialectic between history as representative and memory as an actualizable, individual and collective phenomenon that takes shape between spaces, events, memories and forgetfulness and, secondly, it highlights the importance of the saga of the black woman Genoveva Pia, from persistence to resistance in welcoming, protecting and freeing the black men and women, recalling the ancestry of the freed black man Damião, the novel’s central character and narrator. (shrink)

The article offers us a theologic reflection about the environment crisis which is quickly moved by the human being arrogation and a damning evidence by the accumulation of material estate caused by mass consumerism. But in earlier times however, it was not exactly the way it’s used to be. The dream of the Lord represented in the created Heaven and the power to submit the earth, to get forward with his project joing people living together without violence in our “Casa (...) Comum”, having a goog live. Philosophy “levinasiana” recommends alterability as a tool for ethnic-philosophic to face a large crisis which was developed by the total view that reduces the other to himself. We apply this intuition to present the environment as another cosmos, it expresses an ecological alterability that claims ethnically “No kill”. This call reflects the sound of one-earth, the other-environment nowadays. They seem to be as a cosmie alterability which is so important and needful to human being survives. This conscience needs an ecological conversion taking part in a process salvation revealed by Jesus. It’s necessay and urgent an eco-spirituality. We must pay more attention in considerations of Pope Francis encyclicals Laudato Si, Fratelli Tutti and in his apostolical exhortation Laudate Deum. He advices us about our carelessness with our “Casa Comum”; Our Planet. This reality affects mainly who is needy. It produces inequality, poverty, injustice. Because of that the title of this article means: “Are we all together?”. It means to be a conscious agreement changing the attitude in front of an environment crisis. Then, we will realize that together and aware we will be able to make over again our trajectory, saving our Planet, preserving life. (shrink)

Procura-‑se compreender com este artigo os motivos da hermenêutica do testemunho em P. Ricoeur. Tentamos mostrar como esta categoria, de cariz eminentemente ético, é importante numa reflexão sobre o existir que não parte já da pura espontaneidade do cogito, mas da necessidade de uma reflexão mediata sobre a condição humana, isto é, sobre as suas ações, decisões e modos de estar-‑no-‑mundo. Não há para o filósofo qualquer compreensão que o sujeito possa ter de si mesmo que não esteja mediada por (...) signos, símbolos e textos. Daqui o valor ético de uma recuperação hermenêutica do testemunho, da história e do tesouro dos grandes símbolos das várias culturas que nos influenciaram. É a dialética da atestação pessoal de capacidades, no exercício do testemunho, e a dimensão hermenêutica e mesmo metafórica deste que preservam o âmbito histórico e ético da memória e da abertura ao que historicamente ficou por realizar e permanece em aberto, ao nível do absoluto ético desejável. (shrink)

O problema do bem agir e a reflexão sobre a virtude (areté) e o vício (kakía) são presenças marcantes na filosofia de Platão. No Timeu e nas Leis as questões do mal e da ação má recebem uma atenção especial, seja em meio àquela narrativa cosmológica, seja no debate sobre a injustiça, os crimes e as melhores leis para uma cidade. Propomos apresentar a nossa leitura do tema nesses Diálogos, bem como a nossa hipótese sobre a origem do mal em (...) Platão, ambas decorrentes de nossas pesquisas sobre o texto platônico e sua literatura. Platão situa no interior do próprio homem a fonte potencial do mal moral, resultante de má educação e má disposição da alma, no Timeu. Nas Leis, detalha o modo pelo qual uma ação injusta e má é gestada: a formação de um mau caráter (tirania de elementos internos à alma, pela má educação) e de modos de agir mal (consentidos, deliberados). Defendemos que, em Leis IX, Platão realiza uma reformulação do paradigma socrático do mal inconsentido, admitindo que o homem que age de um modo consentido e mal possui tanto o caráter como o modo de agir injusto e mau (861e-862c4). Palavras-chave: Mal; Injustiça; Ética platônica. Plato and the problem of evil, from the Timaeus to the refutation of the Socratic paradigm of not consented-evil in the Laws: there are ways of consentingly acting unfair and evils. Abstract: The problem of doing the right thing and reflecting on virtue (areté) and vice (kakía) are striking presences in Plato's philosophy. In the Timaeus and Laws, the issues of evil and evil action receive special attention, whether in the midst of that cosmological narrative or the debate about injustice, crimes, and the best laws for a city. We propose to present our reading of the theme in these Dialogues and our hypothesis about the genesis of evil in Plato, both arising from our research on the Platonic text and its literature. Plato locates within man himself the potential source of moral evil, resulting from lousy education and nasty disposition of the soul, in the Timaeus. In the Laws, he details how an unjust and bad action is fathered: the formation of an evil character (tyranny of elements internal to the soul, by bad education) and ways of misbehaving (consented, deliberate). We argue that, in Laws IX, Plato performs a reformulation of the Socratic paradigm of not consented evil, admitting that the man who acts in a consenting and evil way possesses both the character and the way of acting unjust and evil (861e-862c4). Key-words: Evil; Injustice; Platonic ethics. Platon et le problème du mal, du Timée à la réfutation du paradigme socratique du mal pas consenti dans les Lois : il y a des manières d'agir, avec consentement, injustes et mauvaises. Résumé : Le problème du bien agir et la réflexion sur la vertu (areté) et le vice (kakía) sont des présences fortes dans la philosophie de Platon. Dans le Timée et dans les Lois, les problèmes du mal et de la mauvaise action reçoivent une attention particulière, soit dans le récit cosmologique, soit dans le débat sur l'injustice, les crimes et les meilleures lois pour une ville. On propose de présenter notre lecture du thème dans ces Dialogues, ainsi que notre hypothèse sur l'origine du mal chez Platon, les deux venues de nos recherches sur le texte platonicien et sa littérature. Dans le Timée, Platon situe la source potentielle du mal moral, résultant d'une mauvaise éducation et d'une mauvaise disposition de l'âme, dans l'homme lui-même. Dans les Lois, il détaille comment une action injuste ou mauvaise est effectuée : la formation d'un mauvais caractère (tyrannie d'éléments internes à l'âme, due à une mauvaise éducation) et de mauvaises manières d'agir (consenties, délibérées). On soutient que, dans les Lois IX, Platon reformule le paradigme socratique du mal pas consenti, en admettant que l'homme qui agit d’une manière consentie et mauvaise a non seulement le caractère, mais aussi la manière d'agir injuste et mauvaise (861e-862c4). Mots clés : Mal ; Injustice ; Éthique platonicienne. Data de registro: 02/08/2023 Data de aceite: 12/06/2024. (shrink)

Resumen: Esta nota crítica analiza la perspectiva que Martha Nussbaum presenta sobre la emoción de la ira en su último libro Anger and Forgiveness. Resentment, Generosity, Justice. Para ello sitúo esta obra en el contexto del proyecto filosófico de la autora y señalo algunos cambios y continuidades en su análisis de la ira; después reviso a la luz de este nuevo libro algunas de las críticas que, centradas en la reivindicación de la ira, ha recibido su propuesta de una cultura (...) política centrada en las emociones “humanizadoras”.: This critical note examines Martha Nussbaum’s perspective on anger presented in her last book Anger and Forgiveness. Resentment, Generosity, Justice. I place this book in the context of Nussbaum’s philosophical project in order to trace changes and continuities in her views on anger, and then I examine some criticisms that have been held against her proposal of a political culture based on humanizing emotions based on the vindication of anger. (shrink)

Turing patterns are a class of minimal mathematical models that have been used to discover and conceptualize certain abstract features of early biological development. This paper examines a range of these minimal models in order to articulate and elaborate a philosophical analysis of their epistemic uses. It is argued that minimal mathematical models aid in structuring the epistemic practices of biology by providing precise descriptions of the quantitative relations between various features of the complex systems, generating novel predictions that can (...) be compared with experimental data, promoting theory exploration, and acting as constitutive parts of empirically adequate explanations of naturally occurring phenomena, such as biological pattern formation. Focusing on the roles that minimal model explanations play in science motivates the adoption of a broader diachronic view of scientific explanation. (shrink)

Through the analysis of Mariano Campo’s published works and thanks to further insights offered by some unpublished manuscripts, the profile of a philosopher is outlined, whose main interest, throughout his academic and research activity, has been aesthetics. More specifically, Campo has focused on the centrality of feelings to human aesthetic experience: it is through feeling that we experience a transfiguration of reality, which happens paradigmatically when, in front of an artwork, we appreciate it as an integral whole, a totality.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar investigaciones sobre representaciones sociales de docentes y estudiantes acerca de la escritura en la educación superior. La revisión sistemática se efectuó siguiendo la metodología propuesta por la Declaración PRISMA. La búsqueda, que fue realizada en las bases de datos WOS, Scopus, Scielo y ERIC, permitió identificar 20 artículos entre los que predomina el enfoque cualitativo. Como elementos recurrentes se destacan la necesidad de que en la universidad se enseñe explícitamente a escribir y la persistencia (...) de representaciones, que vinculan la escritura con la evaluación. (shrink)

Here is an example using a picture book story: A New House, in Grasshopper on the Road: by Arnold Lobel Grasshopper sees an apple on top of a hill and decides, yum! lunch, as he takes a big bite out of the apple. This, however, causes the apple to start rolling down the hill. Grasshopper hears a voice inside the apple, telling him to keep his house from being destroyed as it is rolling down the hill. My bathtub is in (...) the living room; my bed is in the kitchen. Grasshopper is trying to catch the apple, as it is rolling faster and faster down the hill. In the end it crashes into a tree at the bottom of the hill and is smashed into a hundred pieces. Luckily, it is an apple tree, and Worm has decided to find a new house to live in, one without a big bite in it, either. The question is, should Worm be angry at Grasshopper? The children often agree that he shouldn’t be angry. Grasshopper didn’t mean to hurt Worm and destroy his home. The aporia question is, isn’t Worm justified in being angry at Grasshopper for destroying his home, even though it was an accident? Should I be angry with someone who hurt me, even if it is not done on purpose? I am hurt; so can’t I be angry because I have been hurt? The children often feel that when it was not done on purpose, you can’t really be angry. Another aporia question is, can you punish someone when what they have done wasn’t done on purpose? Is it OK for your parents to punish you when you have done something wrong, even though you didn’t do it on purpose? Another aporia question is then whether we are justified in punishing someone who is innocent? Does it make sense to punish your baby brother for breaking your toy? Or are the police ever justified in shooting an unarmed Black man? (shrink)

Until recently, feminist theory and citizenship theory have seemed two distinct areas, with writers in both camps seldom discussing the other's work.

As one might expect, throughout his life Leibniz assumed an attitude of religious toleration both ad intra (that is, toward Christians of other confessions) and ad extra (that is, toward non-Christians, notably Muslims). The aim of this paper is to uncover the philosophical and theological foundations of Leibniz’s views on this subject. Focusing in particular on his epistolary exchange with the French Catholic convert Paul Pellisson-Fontanier, I argue that neither toleration ad intra nor toleration ad extra is grounded for Leibniz (...) in indifference toward the content of revealed religion. On the contrary, Leibniz remained convinced of the objective truth of the Christian religion as it is handed down by the millennia-old tradition of the truly universal church. In his view, reasons internal to the very nature of salvation and to the conception of God and man explicitly contained in or, at least, in accord with this tradition present religious toleration as the only justifiable answer to the differences among religions. (shrink)